Acute Kidney Failure in Intensive Care at the Parakou University Hospital in Benin in 2019: Epidemiological and Evolutionary Aspects

Background: Acute kidney failure (AKF) is a relatively common complication in patients hospitalized in intensive care and grafted with significant morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To study the epidemiological and evolutionary aspects of AKFin intensive care at the Parakou University Hospital in Benin in 2019.

Patients and method: This was an observational study for descriptive and analytical purposes with prospective data collection carried out over a period of six months (March 1st to August 31st, 2019). AKF was selected according to the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria (an increase in plasma creatinine of at least 3 mg / l in 48 h or more than 1.5 times the base value in the last 7 days). The factors associated with the unfavorable outcome of AKF were sought and the significance level retained was 5%.

Results: During the study period 42 cases of AKF were collected representing 11.93% of admissions. The average age was 39 ± 19.61 years with a sex ratio of 0.44. Altered state of consciousness was the most common reason for consultation. The most common risk factors were high blood pressure (14.29%) and taking nephrotoxic drugs (4.76%). Acute kidney failure was found in 97.61% of patients on admission or during the first 48 hours. Medical causes were the most represented in 80.95%. The average length of stay was 5 ± 1.5 days. Mortality was 64.28%. The unfavorable prognostic factors were oliguria, anuria, association with other organ failures, length of stay, high APACHE II score.

Conclusion: The frequency of acute kidney failure is very important in intensive care with high multifactorial mortality. Early and effective management of factors would improve the prognosis.

Keywords: Acute renal failure, Resuscitation, Prognosis, Parakou.